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I can see where you're coming from. That's not a high start number & I would be scared to bottle that at 1.017 due to bottle bomb risk. I've also been playing with higher masking in temperatures & am finding FG is significantly higher than when I to a stepped mash starting at 65 & using my...

At the risk of sounding flippant, shouldn't you post this on the USA version of the forum as it's completely irrelevant to the rest of the world😁

I'm not saying this is the right way, it's time consuming, but works for me & I'm happy to mess about doing this for an hour. (If you don't have the spare time do what @Caramel Ox suggests) I generally do a jug sparge BIAB with similar equipment to you. I have a perforated false bottom in my...

Not everyone wants or needs an AIO device. If you have a process that works for you & your happy with them I can't see the point in shelling out £400 for more stainless steel rather than just a new fermenting bucket. (Obviously that's not the case if you can find a bargain 2nd hand one)

Lol. Just do a bit of experimenting & see what you get. I've reasonable success using combinations of crystal, brown & chocolate malt. You don't need much chocolate malt to get a dark beer. Noticeably darker beer using just 50g in a 20l batch. Using more than 200g starts to take you from porter...

I vary my sparge depending on time & how I feel. I'm effectively using my BIAB like a malt pipe and run the wort out to a bucket. It's either jug sparge or batch sparge. I'm not entirely sure which gives best results & it seems to vary quite a bit. But after sparge, I put BIAB malt in a...

What happens if you are producing say your own gin but you have already paid the duty by buying the base spirit as duty paid? I know there is no issues with adding your own botanicals to bottles of gin/vodka bought from a supermarket, eg slow gin/lemoncello etc. So is there a line drawn over...

Was it one of these? A bit taller & thinner than the modern buckets. I'd let you come & get it but it sounds like your over 100 miles north of me & it won't be worth the trip

I wonder if the problem wasn't the tree but the birds in it as would have been over the driveway Edit: I do similar to a tree that backs on to my back garden, as the branches ripped through my shed roof due to winds a couple of years ago.

I would think most of them would work in an 'American Lite Lager' (see what I did there) I was originally thinking how could I use them in a porter or bitter. We all have our own preferences, so just have a go & see how it turns out.

It works for mars rovers. But then they don't need to go very fast (or very far under their own power) Tested for dust & grit, but not water & salt

In that case you have enough to make 'almost smashes' using something like magnum for bittering & your selected hop for flavour & aroma. Then you can see what each one is like. (Or if you have a particular hatred of certain styles & have ended up with those hops, just use them for bittering -...

There are several online resources about hops so you can look them up. What I would look for is if they are bittering, flavour or general purpose. What beer styles are they used in. What other hops are closely related (e.g. what can they be swapped with) - that should give you a bigger range of...

Heating usually occurs due to resistance. This can happen when you don't get a large enough area of contact between the wire and the terminal block, especially if there is/was any tarnishing on them. Another common place is if you get arcing in a switch each time it goes on/off. That can lead...

Do you mean Kilner jars? Also how do people know if it's going to be worth their time & fuel if you don't give an approximate location?

Also include in that the training of a reasonable number of apprentices. Something that's been lacking for many years & something most UK firms won't do.

I made a wheat beer with 50% fortified wheat. It can out like normal beer and not shaving foam, so don't expect miracles.

If in glass, you may need to cool & crack the lid just enough to vent the excess pressure. Search thread titles for bottle bomb & that should give more details

If it's still not sweet enough you could add sweetener to it (eg the sugar substitutes for tea/coffee). But go gently and be prepared to experiment because each batch will be different. For example you may only need 3 or 4 for the whole demijohn rather than 1 per bottle Oh and you don't need...

There is a lot to be said about enjoying your time rather than eeking out an extra few years only to spend them in a nursing home or as a perceived burden to your family.